アレルギー,寄生虫,そして衛生仮説
Maria Yazdanbakhsh1, Peter G Kremsner, Ronald van Ree
1Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. M.Yazdanbakhsh@LUMC.NL
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 20, 2002
まとめ
ヘルミント感染症のような持続的な感染症は,抗炎症反応を誘発することにより,アレルギーを予防することができます. これは,少数の小児感染症がアレルギーの罹患率を増加させるという考えに異議を唱える.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- アレルギー性疾患は工業国において増加しており,しばしば小児期の感染症の減少に関連しています.
- 衛生仮説は,微生物への曝露が減少すると,Tヘルパー1 (TH1) とTヘルパー2 (TH2) 細胞の反応が不均衡になり,アレルギーが好ましいと示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 持続的な感染症とアレルギー性疾患との関係を調査する.
- 感染症やアレルギーに対する免疫応答を調節する抗炎症性サイトカインの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- アレルギーの流行に対する免疫学的説明のレビュー.
- 感染症とアレルギー性疾患に関する疫学データの分析.
- ヘルミント感染症に対する反応として,インタールイキン10を含むサイトカインプロフィールの検査.
主要な成果:
- 感染症の減少がアレルギーを増加させるという考えは,TH1型自己免疫疾患の増加と,TH2型歪みヘルミント感染症とのアレルギー関連性の欠如によって挑戦されています.
- 長期のヘルミント感染症は,インタールウィキン-10のような抗炎症性サイトカインの上昇と関連しています.
- これらのサイトカインは,アレルギーの有病率と逆相関を示しています.
結論:
- ヘルミント感染症などの持続的な免疫課題は,強力な抗炎症的規制ネットワークを誘発します.
- このネットワークは,多くの感染症とアレルギー疾患の間に観察された逆の関連性に対する統一的な説明を提供します.
- この発見は,感染,免疫調節,アレルギーの発症の間の相互作用が,これまで理解されていたよりも複雑であることを示唆している.
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