池の食物網における種の豊かさと組成による生態系への影響
Amy L Downing1, Mathew A Leibold
1Department of Ecology, and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. aldownin@owu.edu
Nature
|April 27, 2002
まとめ
生物多様性 生物多様性
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 生態系科学 生態系科学 生態系科学
- 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究
背景:
- 生態系の機能を理解するには,種豊かさ (数) の影響と,種構成 (同一性) の影響を区別する必要があります.
- 以前の研究はしばしば単一のトロフィックレベルに焦点を当て,より広範な生態系洞察を制限していました.
- 生物多様性の変化は,しばしば複数のトロフィックレベルと関連する組成のシフトを伴う.
研究 の 目的:
- 生態系の属性に対する種豊かさと種組成の影響を実験的に解明する.
- 水中の食物網における複数のトロフィックレベルにおけるこれらの影響を調査する.
- 生態系プロセスを駆動する際に,種数と同一性の相対的な重要性を明確にする.
主な方法:
- メソコスムを利用して,独立して種の豊かさと組成を操作した.
- 実験池内の多トロフィックレベルの食物網設計を実施しました.
- 主要生産性とトロフィック構造を含む生態系の属性を監視する.
主要な成果:
- 主要生産性は特異的な反応を示し,種の豊かさに伴い増加した.
- 種の豊かさは,食物網の全体的なトロフィック構造に影響を与えました.
- 種組成の影響は,生態系属性に対する豊かさの影響と同じくらい,またはそれよりも重要でした.
結論:
- 種の豊かさと組成の両方が,生態系機能の重要な原動力である.
- 種の構成は重要な役割を果たし,しばしば富の影響を等しくまたは上回ります.
- 種の構成によって引き起こされる複雑な相互作用と間接的な影響は,生態系の属性を形作る.
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