宿主植物が森林毛虫の寄生性を影響する
J T Lill1, R J Marquis, R E Ricklefs
1Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 63121, USA. lillj@biology2.wustl.edu
Nature
|May 10, 2002
まとめ
カタツムリの敵である寄生虫は,昆虫が選択する宿主植物に強い影響を与えます. この第3のトロフィックレベルの相互作用は,毛虫の特化と森林におけるレピドプテラ種の多様化を促します.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
背景:
- 草食動物と植物の関連は,伝統的に植物の質 (栄養素,防御,現象学) と関連しています.
- 草食動物宿主範囲の進化を形作る第三のトロフィックレベル (天然の敵) の役割は十分に研究されていない.
- 以前の研究では,宿主植物特異的な敵が草食動物分布に与える影響はほとんど見過ごされていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 草食動物宿主植物の使用に対する第3トロフィックレベルの影響を調査する.
- 寄生性のパターンが草食動物宿主の進化に影響するかどうかを判断する.
- 昆虫の種化における敵媒介の相互作用の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- カナダ森林昆虫調査からの寄生虫飼育の分析. カナダ森林昆虫調査.
- 寄生虫と草食動物の相互作用における宿主植物特異性の検討.
- 異なるレピドプテラ種とその宿主植物における寄生性のパターンの評価.
主要な成果:
- レピドプテラ種の寄生性は,宿主植物に大きく依存しています.
- 寄生性の宿主植物依存度の程度は,毛虫種によって異なります.
- 一部の寄生虫種は,特定の樹種に特化している.
結論:
- 宿主植物依存寄生主義は,草食動物宿主植物選択に上から下への影響を示している.
- 寄生病率の変動は,草食動物コミュニティにおける特異的な宿主植物範囲の選択を促す可能性があります.
- 敵による専門化は,温帯雨林におけるレピドプテラ種の多様化を促す可能性がある.
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