生後1年目の顔処理は種特異ですか?

Olivier Pascalis¹, Michelle de Haan, Charles A Nelson

¹Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 23, 2002

まとめ

幼児の顔認識は,言語の音の知覚と同様に,年齢とともに狭くなります. この"知覚の狭窄"は,幼児が馴染みのあるカテゴリーを処理する方法の一般的な認知変化を示唆しています.

科学分野:

発達心理学の心理学について
認知神経科学は,認知神経科学である.
人間と比較心理学

背景:

幼児の母語音の区別能力は6~10ヶ月の間に改善するが,外国語音の区別能力は低下する.
この発達的シフトは"知覚の狭窄"と呼ばれています.

研究の目的:

スピーチ・サウンド処理で観察される知覚の狭窄が,顔認識でも発生するかどうかを調査する.
この現象が言語に特異的なものなのか,より一般的な認知プロセスなのかを判断する.

主な方法:

顔の差別をテストするために視覚的ペア比較手順を使用しました.
6ヶ月の子供,9ヶ月の子供,そして大人の能力を比較した.
人間とサルの両方の顔の差別をテストしました.

主要な成果:

6ヶ月の赤ちゃんは,人間と猿の両種の個体間の差別を示しました.
9ヶ月の幼児と成人は,猿の顔ではなく,人間の顔に対してのみ差別を示しました.
これは,年齢とともに非ネイティブの顔を差別する能力の低下を示しています.

結論:

"知覚の狭窄化"現象は,言語を超えて面接処理に及ぶ.
結果は,初期の認知発達の基礎となるニューラルネットワークの一般的な変化を示唆している.
この発達的シフトは,幼児が異なる種の顔を分類し,認識する方法に影響します.

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