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ランダム化試験の報告の質は,方法論的品質の尺度として用いられる
Karin Huwiler-Müntener1, Peter Jüni, Christoph Junker
1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland. huwiler@ispm.unibe.ch
JAMA
|June 1, 2002
まとめ
報告の質は,ランダム化統制試験 (RCT) の方法論的質を常に反映しているわけではない. 報告が不十分な治験は,まだ良い方法を持っているかもしれないし,よく報告された治験は,方法論的な欠陥を持っているかもしれない.
科学分野:
- 臨床試験の方法論 臨床試験の方法論
- 根拠に基づいた医学は,証拠に基づいた医療です.
- 研究 品質評価 研究品質評価
背景:
- ランダム化対照試験 (RCT) の方法論的質の評価は,エビデンスベースの医療にとって極めて重要です.
- 公開されたRCT報告書は,重要な方法論的詳細を省略することがあり,その結果,方法論的品質の代理として報告の質を使用することがあります.
- 本研究では,報告の質と,公表されたRCTの実際の方法論的質の間の関係を調査しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 報告の質と,公開されたランダム化対照試験の方法論的厳密さの相関を検証する.
- 高品質の報告がRCTにおける高品質の方法論を正確に示すかどうかを判断する.
- 良質な方法論が悪質に報告される可能性のある潜在的な不一致を評価する,またはその逆.
主な方法:
- 1985年から1997年の間に発表された60件のプラセボ対照試験のシステマティック・レビューが行われました.
- 報告の質は,報告試験の統合基準 (CONSORT) ガイドラインに基づく25項目のスケールを使用して評価されました.
- 方法論的な品質指標には,割り当て隠蔽,遮蔽,治療意図分析が含まれ,報告の品質グループ間で比較が行われました.
主要な成果:
- 報告の質が低い試験 (平均スコア9) は,しばしば配分隠蔽が欠けていた (すべて1を除く) が,適切なブラインドリング (70%) と治療意図分析 (39%) を有していた.
- 報告の質が高い試験 (平均スコア18) は,アロケーションの隠蔽 (44%),適切な遮蔽 (89%),および治療意図分析 (72%) をより良く示しましたが,普遍的ではありませんでした.
- intention-to-treat と on-treatment の分析を用いた試験の間で,報告スコアにおいて有意な差異は認められなかった (P =.67).
結論:
- 報告の質は,RCTの基礎となる方法論的質の大きな違いを隠す可能性があります.
- 良く実施された治験は報告が不十分であり,逆に,よく報告された治験は方法論的な欠陥がある可能性があります.
- 報告の質とRCTの方法論的品質の次元を明確に区別することが必要である.
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