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海のイグアナは,微量油による汚染で死亡する
Martin Wikelski1, Vanessa Wong, Brett Chevalier
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. wikelski@princeton.edu
Nature
|June 7, 2002
まとめ
2001年,ガラパゴス諸島の近くで起きた石油流出により,サンテフェ島にある海洋イグアナ (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) の62%が,残留油汚染により死亡しました. ジェノベサ島のより遠い住民は影響を受けなかった.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 2001年1月,ガラパゴス諸島にあるサン・クリストバル島で石油タンカーが沈没し,数百万リットルのディーゼルとバンカーオイルが放出されました.
- その結果生じたスlickは広がったが,石油を散らばらせる強い流れのために,即時の海洋動物の死は最小限であった.
研究 の 目的:
- 2001年のガラパゴス島での石油流出による残留油汚染が,海洋イグアナの個体群に及ぼす長期的な影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 石油流出事故前に収集された長期的な生態学的データセットを使用した.
- サンテフェ島とジェノベサ島における海洋イグアナの集団の死亡率を,流出事故の翌年と比較した.
主要な成果:
- サンテフェ島にある海洋イグアナの個体群は,石油流出事故の翌年に62%の死亡率を記録した.
- 海洋環境における残留油汚染は,サンテフェ島の高い死亡率の原因として特定されました.
- もっと遠くにあるジェノヴェサ島の海洋イグアナ群は,流出による大きな影響はなかった.
結論:
- わずかな量の残留油汚染でさえ,敏感な海洋爬虫類の集団に壊滅的な長期的な影響を与える可能性があります.
- 海洋イグアナ (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) は,石油汚染に特に脆弱であり,人口が大幅に減少する可能性があります.
- 島の遠隔と海洋学的な条件は,海洋汚染イベントが固有の野生生物に与える影響に影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
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