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大人の慢性疾患予防のためのビタミン:科学的レビュー
Kathleen M Fairfield1, Robert H Fletcher
1Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kfairfie@caregroup.harvard.edu
JAMA
|June 19, 2002
まとめ
ビタミンの不十分な摂取は,心臓病やがんなどの慢性疾患と関連しており,特定の集団はリスクが高い. 補給は,特に脂肪溶性ビタミンでは,ビタミン過量につながる可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- ビタミンの摂取量が不十分であることは,先進国では稀ですが,慢性疾患と関連しています.
- ビタミンの役割を理解することは,公衆衛生と疾病予防に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 臨床的に重要なビタミンをレビューする.
- 生物学的効果,食物源,欠乏症候群,毒性,慢性疾患との関連を詳しく説明します.
主な方法:
- ビタミンと慢性疾患 (1966-2002) に関する英語の記事をMEDLINEで検索する.
- 臨床的に重要な情報を得るためにランダム化試験に重点を置く.
主要な成果:
- 高齢者,ビーガン,アルコール依存症,吸収不良の患者はビタミン欠乏のリスクがあります.
- 妊娠中の過剰なビタミンAと脂肪溶性ビタミンには毒性があります.
- 葉酸,B6,B12はホモシステインと心臓病のリスクに影響します.
- ビタミンE,ライコペンは前立腺がんのリスクを軽減する可能性があります.
- カルシウムとビタミンDは,骨折のリスクを軽減します.
結論:
- 特定の患者グループでは,ビタミン欠乏のリスクが高くなります.
- 医師は,ビタミンソースと推奨事項に関するより多くの教育を必要とすることがあります.
- ビタミン過剰はサプリメント,特に脂肪溶性ビタミンの摂取に伴うリスクです.
- サブオプティマルのビタミン摂取は,冠動脈疾患,がん,骨粗鬆症と関連しています.
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