大人の慢性疾患予防のためのビタミン:臨床応用
Robert H Fletcher1, Kathleen M Fairfield
1Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, 133 Brookline Ave, Sixth Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Robert_Fletcher@hms.harvard.edu
JAMA
|June 19, 2002
まとめ
低最適のビタミン摂取は一般的であり,慢性疾患の危険因子であり,特に高齢者はそうである. 大人はビタミンサプリメントの恩恵を受けることができますが,パーソナライズされた推奨や検査は限られています.
科学分野:
- 栄養科学 栄養学 栄養科学は,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学は,栄養学が,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 古典的なビタミン欠乏症は,西洋社会では稀である.
- 特に高齢者の間で,ビタミン摂取量が最適以下で,慢性疾患のリスクと関連している.
- ダイエットだけでは,多くの場合,すべての不可欠なビタミンに最適なレベルを提供することができません.
研究 の 目的:
- 欠乏症候群を超えて,サブ最適のビタミン摂取量の健康への影響をレビューする.
- 慢性疾患のリスクを軽減するビタミンサプリメントの役割について議論する.
- 大人のためのビタミン補給の実践に関するガイドラインを提供すること.
主な方法:
- ビタミン状態と慢性疾患に関する文献レビューと証拠の合成.
- 健康と病気における特定のビタミン (葉酸,B6,B12,D,A,E,C) の役割に関する分析.
- パーソナライズされたビタミンサプリメントの戦略に関する現在の証拠の評価.
主要な成果:
- 葉酸,ビタミンB6,B12,D,抗酸化ビタミン (A,E,C) の最適な摂取量は,心血管疾患,神経管の欠陥,がん,骨粗鬆症,その他の慢性疾患のリスクの増加と関連しています.
- 大半の成人は,食事だけで最適なビタミン摂取量を達成することができません.
- 個人の特徴に基づいてマルチビタミンを調整するか,サプリメントをガイドするためにビタミンレベルテストを使用する証拠は限られています.
結論:
- 低最適のビタミン摂取の普及と慢性疾患との関連を考えると,ランダム化試験からのより強力な証拠が待たされるまで,成人のための通常のビタミン補給は慎重です.
- 医師は,患者にビタミン使用について助言し,必要不可欠なサプリメント (例えば,出産年齢の女性のための葉酸) を促進し,潜在的に有害な慣行 (例えば,妊娠中の高用量ビタミンA) を抑えるべきである.
- パーソナライズされたビタミンサプリメントと標的型テストのための証拠に基づいたガイドラインを確立するために,さらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
01:25Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
01:30Vitamins
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...