胎盤に特異的なIGF-IIは,胎盤と胎児の成長の主要な調節剤です
Miguel Constância1, Myriam Hemberger, Jennifer Hughes
1Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, Developmental Genetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK. miguel.constancia@bbsrc.ac.uk
Nature
|June 28, 2002
まとめ
Igf2遺伝子からのP0トランスクリプトの削除は胎盤の栄養分輸送を阻害し,胎児の成長制限を引き起こします. これは,胎児への栄養供給を調節するインプリント遺伝子の役割を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景:
- インプリントされた遺伝子は哺乳類の胎盤の発達と胎児の成長に不可欠であり,発現は1つの親の染色体に限定されます.
- インスリン型の成長因子II (Igf2) 遺伝子は,胎児と胎盤の両方で父性的に発現しています.
研究 の 目的:
- Igf2遺伝子内の,特に胎盤の迷宮トロフォブラストで発現するP0トランスクリプトの役割を調査する.
- 胎盤機能と胎児の発達に対するP0トランスクリプトの消去の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- 哺乳類モデルのIgf2遺伝子からP0トランスクリプトの遺伝子削除.
- 胎盤の成長,胎児の成長,および栄養素輸送機構 (受動的浸透性および活性アミノ酸輸送) の分析.
主要な成果:
- P0トランスクリプトの削除により,胎盤の成長が低下し,その後胎児の成長が制限されました.
- ミュータントの胎盤は,受動的な栄養素の浸透性が低下し,当初は活性アミノ酸の輸送を上調することで補償された.
- この補償は時間が経つにつれて失敗し,胎児の成長制限が持続し,胎児と胎盤の体重比が増加しました.
結論:
- インプリントされた遺伝子の作用,特にIgf2のP0トランスクリプトは,胎盤機能を通じて胎児への母親の栄養供給を直接制御します.
- 発見は,インプリントの遺伝的対立理論を支持し,Igf2が胎盤の栄養供給と胎児の栄養需要の両方を調節することを示唆しています.
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