人権,政治,研究倫理のレビュー

Chris Beyrer¹, Nancy E Kass

¹Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|July 23, 2002

まとめ

研究倫理は人権の文脈を考慮しなければならない. 政治や人権の背景を無視すると,参加者のリスクが増加し,研究を開始する前に人権団体との協議が必要になります.

科学分野:

バイオエシックバイオエシック
人権法人権法人権法
社会科学社会科学とは

背景:

研究倫理規範やレビューは,しばしば,外部政治や人権の文脈を無視している.
人権の原則と研究倫理の原則は,共通の目標を共有しているが,統合された適用は欠けている.
既存のフレームワークは,社会政治的環境が研究の完全性や参加者の安全にどのように影響するか,適切に対処していません.

研究の目的:

人権の考慮を研究倫理に統合する必要性を強調する.
政治と人権の文脈が研究倫理レビューにどのように影響するか示す.
研究リスクと利益の評価において,より総合的なアプローチを提唱する.

主な方法:

既存の研究倫理規範とレビュープロセスの分析.
人権の文脈が研究リスクを変化させるケースシナリオの検討.
人権団体と倫理審査委員会との協議.

主要な成果:

リスク・ベネフィット分析,参加者の権利,人口選択などの研究倫理の要素は,政治や人権の状況によって大きく影響を受けます.
リスクが低いと思われる研究は,制限的な政治的環境 (例えば,機密性の侵害,強制送還のためのデータの悪用) で,実質的な危険をもたらす可能性があります.
現在の倫理審査の慣行は,これらの外部的な文脈的要因に対処するのに不十分です.

結論:

研究者は,提案する研究が人権に及ぼす影響を積極的に評価しなければならない.
人権団体や信頼できる同僚との協議は,地元の状況を理解するために不可欠です.
倫理的な研究行為と,世界中の参加者の保護のために,人権の尽きない注意を統合することは不可欠です.

キーワード:

生物医学および行動研究

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