自殺とは,自殺である
1Center for the Study of Suicide, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Maris@sc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|July 31, 2002
まとめ
自殺のリスクは複雑で,しばしば気分障害に関連しています. 予測スケールには限界があるが,治療には,リスクのある個人に薬物療法,セラピー,時には電気療法が含まれている.
科学分野:
- 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 臨床心理学の臨床心理学について
背景:
- 自殺は,精神科の診断,特に気分障害に関連する複雑な問題です.
- 自殺のリスクと保護因子の特定は,いくつかの文化的多様性を持つ世界的な一貫性を示しています.
- 標準化された自殺予測スケールでは,約30%の偽陽性結果が得られます.
研究 の 目的:
- 自殺の多面性,その危険因子,そして現在の予防と治療戦略をレビューする.
- 自殺リスクのある個人の生物学的マーカーと治療的介入を強調する.
主な方法:
- 自殺の原因,危険因子,および保護要素に関する文献レビュー.
- 脳の脊髄液 (CSF) の5-ヒドロキシインドール酸 (5-HIAA) 濃度を含む生物学的マーカーの分析.
- 自殺予防のための薬理学,心理療法,その他の治療方法の検討.
主要な成果:
- CSF 5-HIAA濃度の低下は,自殺症例で最も一般的な生物学的マーカーです.
- 自殺予防には,主治医ではなく,二次的または三次的介入が伴うことが多い.
- 治療には,一般的に選択的セロトニン再吸収阻害剤 (SSRI),その他の精神薬,心理療法 (CBT),時には電気ショック療法 (ECT) が含まれる.
結論:
- 自殺は複雑な現象であり,多面的な治療方法が必要です.
- 効果的な自殺予防と管理は,生物学的理解と薬理学および心理療法の介入を統合します.
- 自分自身に危険をもたらす個人に入院が必要になる場合があります.
関連する概念動画
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Autophagic Cell Death
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Self-Serving Bias
Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...


