自動車の排気に関する国家政策と慣行,米国における一酸化炭素による死亡率の減少
Joshua A Mott1, Mitchell I Wolfe, Clinton J Alverson
1Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zud9@cdc.gov
JAMA
|August 23, 2002
まとめ
車両排出量に関する国家政策により,米国における一酸化炭素 (CO) による死因が著しく減少しました. 厳格な規制により,COに関連した死亡率が大幅に低下し,毎年数千人の死亡が防止されました.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景:
- 炭素一酸化物 (CO) 毒は,米国では毎年2000人以上が死亡する重大な死因です.
- 自動車の排出量は,歴史的にCO中毒による死亡に寄与してきました.
研究 の 目的:
- COに関連した死亡率に対する国の車両排出量政策の影響を評価する.
- 米国におけるCO関連死亡の31年 (1968年-1998年) を分析する.
主な方法:
- 米国の死亡データ (CDC) と車両のCO排出量 (EPA) の縦断的な傾向分析.
- 負の二項式回帰を用いて,CO排出量と死亡率を時間とともに相関させた.
- 意図とメカニズムによって分類された,火災に関係のないすべてのCO中毒による死亡を含む.
主要な成果:
- COに関連した死亡率は,1968年から1998年にかけて57.8%減少した.
- 1975年に触媒コンバータが導入された後,CO排出量は76.3%減少し,自動車による非意図的なCO死は81.3%減少した.
- CO排出量の10g/マイル削減は,意図しないCOによる死亡の21.3%減少と相関しています.
結論:
- 自動車の排出量政策,特に1970年のクリーン・エア法に関連した政策は,公衆衛生上の実質的な利益をもたらしました.
- これらの政策が実施されなかったら,1998年までに自動車関連のCO中毒による死亡者数がさらに11700人に達する可能性がある.
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