ハシウム (108元素) の化学的調査
Ch E Düllmann1, W Brüchle, R Dressler
1Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Nature
|August 23, 2002
まとめ
研究者は,ハシウム (元素108) の7つの原子を化学的に特徴付け,その性質が予測と一致していることを発見しました. これは,ハシウムがハシウムであることを確認しています.
科学分野:
- 核化学 核化学は,核化学である.
- 重い元素における相対論的効果
- 定期的なトレンド
背景:
- 周期表は元素の性質を分類しているが,相対論的効果は重量トランザクチニド元素の傾向に異議を唱えている.
- 元素104〜107は,相対論的効果の影響を受けた様々な化学的振る舞いを示しています.
- 元素108 (ハシウム) の行動は以前は確認されていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 元素108 (ハシウム) を化学的に特徴づけるために.
- 相対論的効果にもかかわらず,ハシウムは周期的な傾向に従っているかどうかを判断する.
- ハシウムの化学特性を,より軽い同類であるオスミウムと比較するために.
主な方法:
- マグネシウム-26とカリフォルニアウム-248の融合反応により,ハシウム同位素 (269) Hsと (270) Hsが生成されます.
- 検出された7つのハシウム原子の化学分離と特徴付け.
- ハシウムを揮発性酸化物 (おそらくHsO4) に酸化し,その吸収エンタルピーを測定する.
主要な成果:
- ハシウムの原子が成功して合成され,化学的に分離されました.
- ハシウムは,実験条件下で,容易に揮発性酸化物HsO4を形成した.
- HsO4の吸収エンタルピーは,OsO4の吸収エンタルピーに匹敵し,同様の化学性質を示した.
結論:
- ハシウム (108元素) はオスミウムに似た化学的性質を示している.
- ハシウムは周期表のグループ8の位置に期待されるように振る舞っている.
- この研究は,相対論的効果にもかかわらず,ハシウムの周期表の予測力を確認しています.
関連する概念動画
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes
104.0K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common...
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common...
104.0K
Hess's Law
44.3K
There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
44.3K
Qualitative Analysis
22.0K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
For instance, group IV...
22.0K
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test
3.7K
The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
3.7K
Chemical Symbols
91.1K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
91.1K
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences
1.7K
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
1.7K


