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Disorders of Erythrocytes
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発話と言語に関与する遺伝子であるFOXP2の分子進化
Wolfgang Enard1, Molly Przeworski, Simon E Fisher
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Inselstrasse 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Nature
|August 23, 2002
まとめ
FOXP2遺伝子は,人間の言語発達に極めて重要です. 研究によると,ヒトのFOXP2に特異的な変化があることから,ヒトの進化過程で選択され,話し方や言語能力に影響を及ぼすことが示唆されています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 言語学 言語学とは
背景:
- 言語は,文化にとって不可欠な,人間特有の特徴である.
- 言語を明確に話すには,喉と口の精細な運動制御が必要で,これは類人猿には存在しない.
- FOXP2遺伝子は,ヒトの言語能力と関連している最初の遺伝子です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の言語発達におけるFOXP2遺伝子の役割を調査する.
- 種間のFOXP2遺伝子を比較し,ヒトの遺伝的多様性を分析する.
- FOXP2がヒトの進化過程で最近選択されたかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 人間,チンパンジー,ゴリラ,オランウータン, rhesus macaque,マウスのFOXP2タンパク質をコードする補完的なDNAの配列決定.
- 人間のFOXP2cDNAと他の種のDNAを比較する.
- 人間のFOXP2遺伝子内の種内多様性を調査する.
主要な成果:
- FOXP2の点変異は,重度の発音および言語障害と関連しています.
- FOXP2の2つの機能的なコピーは,通常の話し言葉の習得のために必要なようです.
- 人間のFOXP2は,最近の陽性選択を示唆するアミノ酸変化と核酸ポリモルフィズムを示しています.
結論:
- FOXP2遺伝子は,人間の話し方と言語の進化において重要な役割を果たしています.
- 証拠によると,FOXP2は,最近のヒトの進化の過程で選択の圧力を受けていることを示唆しています.
- FOXP2のような遺伝的要因は,人間の言語能力の発達に不可欠である.
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