9月11日への心理的反応に関する全国の縦断研究
Roxane Cohen Silver1, E Alison Holman, Daniel N McIntosh
1Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 3340 Social Ecology II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA. rsilver@uci.edu
JAMA
|September 7, 2002
まとめ
9月11日の攻撃は,米国の成人に影響を及ぼし,17%が2ヶ月後にトラウマ後ストレス症状を経験しました. 直接的な曝露ではなく,早期に対処戦略から脱却することで,トラウマ後6ヶ月までの心理的な困難が予測されます.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 2001年9月11日の攻撃は,大規模なトラウマへの適応を全国的に研究するユニークな機会を提供しました.
- 国内のトラウマ的な出来事に対する長期的な心理的反応を理解することは,公衆の精神衛生にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人口統計的要因,健康歴,以前のストレス要因,および,9月11日の攻撃後の心理的結果を予測する対処戦略を調査する.
- 9月11日のテロ攻撃が米国国民の精神健康に及ぼす影響を縦断的に評価する.
主な方法:
- 3496人の成人の全国確率サンプルは,事件のおよそ2週間,2ヶ月,6ヶ月後にウェブベースの調査を完了しました.
- 縦断的なデータ収集は,急性ストレス,トラウマ後ストレス,および全身的な苦痛の症状を追跡した.
主要な成果:
- 攻撃から2ヶ月後,米国の人口の17% (ニューヨーク市以外) がトラウマ後ストレス症状を報告し,6ヶ月で5.8%に減少しました.
- トラウマ後ストレスの高さを予測する要因には,女性の性別,夫婦の別居,既にあるうつ病/不安症,より大きな曝露の重症度,早期の解約の対処 (例えば,あきらめ,否定) が含まれていた.
- グローバルな苦悩は,喪失の重さと早期の対処戦略と関連しており,否定と放棄は苦悩を増加させ,積極的な対処はそれを減少させた.
結論:
- 国家トラウマの心理的影響は,直接的な被曝を超えて広がり,対処戦略は長期的な結果において重要な役割を果たします.
- 重大なトラウマの直後に対処する努力から脱却することは,最大6ヶ月間持続する潜在的な心理的困難の重要な指標です.
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