関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 9, 2026
07:00
Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
Published on: March 11, 2020
気候システムにおけるエアロゾールの衛星画像
Yoram J Kaufman1, Didier Tanré, Olivier Boucher
1NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov
Nature
|September 13, 2002
まとめ
人為的なエアロゾールは,太陽光を反射または吸収することで気候に影響を与え,温度と降水に影響を与えます. これらの複雑な相互作用を理解することは,将来の気候と水供給の変化を予測するために極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 水文学 水文学とは
背景:
- 人為的なエアロゾールは,地球の気候と水循環に大きな影響を与えます.
- エアロゾールは,太陽光を反射することによって気候を冷却したり,吸収することによって大気を温めることができます.
- 形態の多様性と濃度の変動により,研究が難しくなっています.
研究 の 目的:
- 人為的なエアロゾールが気候システムに及ぼす多面的な影響を調査する.
- 降水パターンを含め,エアロゾールの性質が水循環にどのように影響するかを理解する.
- エアロゾールフィードバックの複雑性による研究における課題を強調する.
主な方法:
- 継続的な衛星観測を利用する.
- 地上機器のネットワークを利用する.
- エアロゾールの分布と組成を分析するために,専用のフィールド実験を実施します.
主要な成果:
- エアロゾールは,太陽光線を反射することによって,気候に冷却効果を発揮します.
- エアロゾールの組成が,大気を温めるか冷やすかを決定する.
- エアロゾールは雲の凝縮核として作用し,雲の性質と降水量を変化させます.
結論:
- 気候と水文学的フィードバックを理解するために,正確なエアロゾールモニタリングは不可欠です.
- エアロゾール濃度の上昇と組成の変化は,気候と水資源にリスクをもたらします.
- 複雑なエアロゾールと気候の相互作用を完全に解明するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
01:07What is Weather?
Overview
01:16What is Climate?
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
01:50Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
01:03Precipitation Gravimetry
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
01:17Graphs of Polar Equations
The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
01:27Graphs of Two-Variable Functions
A weather map provides a practical example of a function of two variables. Across a wide region such as the United States, temperatures vary from one location to another. Each location can be identified by two geographic coordinates: longitude and latitude. Since a single temperature value is assigned to each coordinate pair, the situation can be represented mathematically as a function with two inputs and one output.In mathematical notation, longitude and latitude can be labeled as x and y,...