状菌根菌類に特化したエピパラサイト植物
Martin I Bidartondo1, Dirk Redecker, Isabelle Hijri
1Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA. martinb@nature.berkeley.edu
Nature
|September 28, 2002
まとめ
多くの非光合成性菌類異質植物が,共有された真菌を介して緑色の植物から炭素を盗みます. この研究は,アーバスキュラー菌根菌 (AMF) も,この重要な植物間炭素転送を媒介することを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 植物学 植物学
- 菌類学 菌類学とは
背景:
- ミコヘテロトロフ植物とは,真菌から炭素を採取する非光合成性血管性植物である.
- 最も知られている菌類異質菌類はエピパラサイト性であり,緑の植物から炭素を得るために共有されたエクトミコリザル菌を利用しています.
- 多くの真菌異質菌の真菌パートナーと炭素源は不明であり,特にアーバスキュラー菌根菌 (AMF) と関連しているものは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- AMFに関連する植物でエピパラジティズムが発生するかどうかを調査する.
- AMFがプラント間の炭素転送を媒介するかどうかを判断する.
- AMFに対するミコヘテロトロフの特異性を分析する.
主な方法:
- アラクニティス・ユニフローラの3個集団とジェンチアナセア科 (VoyriaとVoyriella) の6種の菌根菌の分析.
- 潜在的な炭素源を特定するために,関連する隣接する緑の植物の調査.
- AMFに対する非光合成植物の特異性を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 非光合成植物がAMFと関連していることが判明しました.
- 証拠によると,これらの植物は,既知のエクトミコリザルエピパラサイトに類似して,AMFのパートナーに対して特異性を示すことを示唆しています.
- この調査結果は,AMFが,工場間の重要な炭素転送を容易にする可能性があることを示しています.
結論:
- 樹状菌根菌 (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF) は,植物間での炭素伝送を媒介する役割を果たしています.
- エピパラジティズムはエクトミコリザル系に限定されず,AMFネットワーク内で発生することがあります.
- この発見は,植物と真菌の相互作用と,地球規模の生態系における炭素循環を理解する上で重要な意味を持つ.
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