母乳の授乳と,子供や若者のアトピーや喘息の発症との長期的な関係:縦断研究
Malcolm R Sears1, Justina M Greene, Andrew R Willan
1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada. searsm@mcmaster.ca
Lancet (London, England)
|October 2, 2002
まとめ
授乳は,子供のアトピーや喘息を予防しませんが,リスクを増やす可能性があります. この研究は,授乳に関連する長期的な結果を評価するために,ニュージーランドの出生コホートに従った.
科学分野:
- 小児アレルギー・免疫学
- 呼吸器医学とは
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 幼児におけるアトピーと喘息を予防するために,通常,授乳が推奨されます.
- これらの状態に対する母乳育児の保護効果に関する既存の証拠は矛盾しています.
- この研究では,ニュージーランド産科コホートにおける母乳育児とアトピー/喘息の長期的な関連性を調査しています.
研究 の 目的:
- アトピーと喘息の発達に対する母乳育児の長期的な影響を評価する.
- アレルギーおよび呼吸器疾患の予防における母乳の役割に関する矛盾する証拠を明らかにする.
- 関連性をよく定義された出生コホートで,延長されたフォローアップで分析する.
主な方法:
- ニュージーランド・ダニディンで生まれた1037人の子ども (1972年−1973年) を,幼児期から26歳まで追跡調査した.
- 収集されたデータには,呼吸器のアンケート,肺機能検査,気管のチャレンジ,アレルギーの皮膚検査が含まれていました.
- 母乳育児歴は幼児期に記録され,結果は縦断的に評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 4週間以上母乳を飲んだ子ども (49%) は,母乳を飲まない子どもと比較して13歳から21歳までの間で,一般的なアレルゲン (猫,粉虫,草の花粉) に対するアトピー率が著しく高かった.
- 授乳児は,9歳から26歳までの各評価で,現在の喘息の割合が高く報告されました.
- 混同要因を制御した多要素分析は,授乳に関連したアトピーと現在の喘息の確率の増加を示した.
結論:
- 授乳は,子どもをアトピーや喘息の発生から守るようには見えません.
- 研究結果は,母乳育児がこれらの疾患のリスクを増やす可能性があることを示唆しています.
- この観察された関連の背後にあるメカニズムを理解するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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