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関連する概念動画

Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

6.4K
When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
6.4K
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.9K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
1.9K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.7K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.7K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

2.1K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
2.1K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

2.0K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
2.0K
Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor01:24

Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor

1.1K
To calculate the inductance of a solid cylindrical conductor, consider a 1-meter section of a non-magnetic, current-carrying conductor with radius r. Disregarding end effects and assuming uniform current density, Ampere's law helps determine the magnetic field inside the conductor. This law states that the magnetic field intensity H is concentric and constant within the conductor.
Given the uniform current distribution, the magnetic field Hx and flux density Bx inside the conductor are...
1.1K

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1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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20Kの圧縮リチウムにおける超伝導性は,

Katsuya Shimizu1, Hiroto Ishikawa, Daigoroh Takao

  • 1Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. kshimizu@mp.es.osaka-u.ac.jp

Nature
|October 11, 2002
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

リチウムは30GPa以上の圧力で超伝導となり,移行温度20Kに達する.この発見は,金属水素のような軽い元素の高温超伝導性を予測する理論を支持する.

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 量子力学は,量子力学という

背景:

  • 高温での超伝導性は,極端な圧力下にある軽い元素について理論的に予測されています.
  • 従来のBCS理論は,低原子番号の元素が超伝導性を示す可能性があることを示唆している.
  • 金属水素は,室温以上で400GPaを超える圧力で超伝導性を有すると予測されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • リチウム (Li) の超伝導性を,以前に研究されたよりも低圧で調査する.
  • Li.における超伝導性の以前の暫定的な観測を実験的に確認または反証する.
  • 低原子番号と高い超伝導的移行温度との相関の証拠を提供するため.

主な方法:

  • リチウムサンプルに高圧 (30GPa以上) を加える.
  • 圧力下でのリチウムの電気抵抗を測定し,超伝導的移行を検出する.
  • 圧力依存の移行温度 (T ((c)) を分析する.

主要な成果:

  • リチウム (Li) は,30 GPa以上の圧力において超伝導性を示す.
  • 48GPaで20Kに達する圧力依存型超伝導体移行温度 (T(c)) が観察されました.
  • これは,任意の要素で確認された最高T (c) を表し,以前の暫定的な発見を検証しています.

結論:

  • この研究は,リチウムは,利用可能な圧力で超伝導体になることを確認しています.
  • この結果は,軽い元素が高い超伝導的移行温度を達成できるという仮説を裏付けている.
  • この発見は,金属水素が非常に高いT (c) 超伝導性を示す可能性があることを示唆している.