甲状腺内における免疫的自己影の投影は,アエレタンパク質によって行われる
Mark S Anderson1, Emily S Venanzi, Ludger Klein
1Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
まとめ
欠陥のある自己免疫調節器 (AIRE) は,自己免疫疾患を引き起こす. 空気不足のマウスは,これはチムスの組織抗原の発現が低下したためであり,中央耐性の重要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 自己免疫調節因子 (AIRE) の転写因子の欠陥は,ヒトの多臓器自己免疫疾患と関連しています.
- 自己免疫を予防するAIREの役割は,主に中央免疫耐性の文脈で研究されています.
- AIREが自己反応性を防ぐために機能する正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 自身免疫を調節するAIRE転写因子の役割を調査する.
- AIREが胸腺における組織限定抗原の産外発現を促進するという仮説を検証する.
- 甲状腺幹細胞のAIRE欠乏が自己免疫疾患につながるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 空気不足のマウスモデルを利用して,自己免疫疾患の発症を研究した.
- 周縁組織に限定された抗原をコードする遺伝子の発現を,甲状腺髄上皮質細胞の甲状腺髄上皮質細胞で分析した.
- 機能的な空気がない変異性マウスの自己免疫疾患プロフィールを評価しました.
主要な成果:
- 空気不足のマウスは,特定の自己免疫疾患のスペクトルを発達させた.
- 自身免疫性フェノタイプは,甲状腺の幹細胞に空気がないことに依存していた.
- 空気不足の甲状腺髄膜上皮細胞は,外周抗原のための遺伝子の子宮外転写が減少したことを示した.
結論:
- AIREは,胸腺の周辺抗原の子宮外発現に不可欠です.
- 甲状腺髄膜上皮細胞におけるAIREの機能は,中央耐性の確立に不可欠である.
- AIRE媒介の中央耐性は,臓器特異的自己免疫を予防する重要なメカニズムです.
関連する概念動画
Transcytosis of IgG
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...
The...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Tumor Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.


