腫瘍由来の溶性MICリガンドはNKG2DとT細胞活性化の発現を損なう
Veronika Groh1, Jennifer Wu, Cassian Yee
1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. vgroh@fhcrc.org
Nature
|October 18, 2002
まとめ
腫瘍細胞は,T細胞のNKG2D受容体を分解する溶解性MICAを放出します. これにより,T細胞の反応が低下し,腫瘍が免疫検出を回避し,感染感受性を潜在的に高めることができます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 癌生物学 癌生物学について
- セルラー・シグナリング
背景:
- 腫瘍リガンドによるNKG2D受容体の関与は,腫瘍拒絶のためのリンパ球の反応を刺激することができます.
- NKG2Dは天然キラー (NK) 細胞,ガンマデルタT細胞,CD8アルファベータT細胞で発現する.
- メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックスクラスIの鎖関連分子 (MIC) AとBは,NKG2Dのストレス誘発リガンドであり,しばしば上皮腫瘍で発現する.
研究 の 目的:
- MICの関与がNKG2D受容体発現と機能に与える影響を調査する.
- 腫瘍が免疫監視を回避するメカニズムを特定する.
- 癌患者のT細胞反応に対する溶性MICの影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- MICとNKG2Dの相互作用を調査しました.
- 癌患者のT細胞のNKG2D発現を分析した.
- NKG2DのダウンレギュレーションとT細胞機能における溶解性MICAの役割を評価した.
主要な成果:
- MICとNKG2Dの結合は,内分細胞症を引き起こし,NKG2D受容体の退化を引き起こします.
- NKG2Dの発現は,がん患者のT細胞で著しく減少しています.
- 循環中の溶性MICAはNKG2Dのダウンレギュレーションと,腫瘍抗原特異性T細胞の応答性の低下と相関しています.
結論:
- 腫瘍由来溶性MICAは,全身的なNKG2D欠乏を引き起こし,T細胞媒介の抗腫瘍免疫を損なう.
- このNKG2Dのダウンレギュレーションは,腫瘍の免疫回避のメカニズムを表しています.
- この発見は,T細胞機能の障害による感染に対する宿主抵抗性の低下を示唆している.
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