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開発途上国の農薬中毒 - 最低限の農薬リスト
Michael Eddleston1, Lakshman Karalliedde, Nick Buckley
1Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of, Oxford, UK. edlestonm@eureka.lk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2002
まとめ
農薬中毒は,開発途上国における主要な死因である. 必須医薬品リストに似た最小限農薬リストの実施は,高度に有毒な農薬へのアクセスを制限することによって,死亡数を減らすことができます.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 環境毒理学 環境毒理学
- グローバル・ヘルス・セキュリティー グローバル・ヘルス・セキュリティー
背景:
- 農薬中毒は開発途上国における死亡の重要な原因であり,感染症による死亡を上回っています.
- 不十分な規制と農薬への容易なアクセスが,事故による中毒や故意の自傷行為に寄与しています.
- 国連のFAOのような既存の自発的規範は,開発途上国の資源の限界のために無効であることが証明されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における農薬関連死亡率を減らすための戦略を提案する.
- 最低限農薬リスト (MPL) の実施を提唱する.
- 薬物管理戦略の成功と並行する.
主な方法:
- 農薬規制と農薬へのアクセスが死亡率に与える影響を検討する.
- 薬物使用の合理化における必須薬物リスト (EDL) の成功を分析する.
- 非常に有毒な農薬へのアクセスを制限するために,類似のMPLを提案する.
- 有害物質へのアクセスの制限と自殺率の減少との関連を検証する.
主要な成果:
- WHOが推奨しているように,高度に有毒な農薬へのアクセスを制限することで,自殺率が低下しています.
- FAOの自発的な行動規範は,殺虫剤の害を軽減するのに効果的ではない.
- MPLは,統合ペストマネジメントの特定のタスクのためのより安全な農薬の選択を導くことができます.
結論:
- 最低限の農薬リストは,農薬関連の死亡率と罹患率を減らすための実行可能な戦略です.
- 必須医薬品リストに類似したMPLの実施は,公衆衛生の成果を向上させることができます.
- より安全な殺虫剤の代替品への移行は,事故的および意図的な中毒を大幅に減らすことができます.
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