チリ,プナ・デ・アタカマの人間の職業と気候変動
Lautaro Núñez1, Martin Grosjean, Isabel Cartajena
1Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, Casilla 17, San Pedro Atacama, Chile.
まとめ
アタカマ砂漠における人間の居住は,気候変動によって変動した. 初期のアーカイク時代の狩猟者は,湿度の高い時期にはパレオラケスの周辺で繁栄したが,湖が乾燥するにつれてその場所の利用は停止した.
科学分野:
- 考古学考古学とは
- 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
- 人間生態学 人間生態学
背景:
- アタカマ砂漠は,紀元前1万3千年から紀元前9500年の間,人間の存在の証拠を示しています. そして,B.P. 4500 カロリー年以降.
- 初期の人類の定住は,乾燥から湿潤の気候状態への移行と一致しました.
研究 の 目的:
- アタカマ砂漠における人間の活動パターンと環境の変化の関係を調査する.
- 考古学および動物学的証拠に基づいてアタカマ砂漠の古気候を再構築する.
主な方法:
- 考古学調査と露天キャンプ場と洞窟の発掘.
- 遺物や動物遺体の放射性炭素年代測定法による年代測定.
- 湖水位の変化と動物多様性に基づいた古環境再構築.
主要な成果:
- 3600メートル以上の高さで39以上の初期のアルカイック時代のキャンプ場が確認されており,パレオラケスの周辺の狩猟活動を示しています.
- 9500年から4500年までのB.P.の間の土地利用の停止. 湖の乾燥と相関しています.
- 動物の多様性は,湿気のある初期のホロセーン時代にピークに達し,プレイストセンの動物は,人間の遺物と共に洞窟の埋蔵物で見つかりました.
結論:
- アタカマ砂漠における人間の居住は,ホロセンの気候の変動によって強く影響を受けた.
- ホロセンの半ばの乾燥傾向は,人間の定住地と動物多様性の崩壊につながった.
- 考古学および古環境学的データは,乾燥した環境における初期の人間の適応戦略の洞察を提供します.
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