選択された主要な危険因子と,世界的なおよび地域的な疾病負担
Majid Ezzati1, Alan D Lopez, Anthony Rodgers
1Risk, Resources and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 9, 2002
まとめ
体重不足,危険性のある性行為,高血圧などの主要な健康リスクは,特に発展途上国における世界的な疾病負担に大きく貢献しています. これらの要因に取り組むことは,公衆衛生上の実質的な利益をもたらします.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 正確な健康リスク分析は,病気の予防に不可欠です.
- 伝統的なリスク因子分類は,比較を制限する.
- 疾病負担のグローバルと地域分析のための統一された枠組みが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 主要なリスク要因が,世界および地域における疾病負担に与える影響を推定する.
- リスク因子分析のための統一された枠組みを確立する.
- リスクファクターの影響を定量化することによって公衆衛生戦略を参考にすること.
主な方法:
- 14の疫学地域における26の危険因子に関する公表されたデータとデータベースをレビューした.
- 潜在的インパクト分数関係を用いて推定された人口の割り当たる分数.
- 死亡率と疾病負担の推定値のグローバル・バード・オブ・ディジーズ (GBD) に適用された結果.
主要な成果:
- 幼児期/母親の体重不足,危険性のある性行為,高血圧,タバコ,アルコールは,世界の疾病負担の主な原因でした.
- 最も貧しい地域は,過体重,危険性のある性行為,衛生状態の悪さ,屋内の煙,および欠乏によって不釣り合いに影響されています.
- アルコール,タバコ,高血圧,高コレステロールは,発展途上国と先進国の両方で大きな負担となっています.
結論:
- 主要なリスクは,これまでの推定値を超えて,世界的な疾病負担に大きく貢献しています.
- 開発途上国は,多くの主要なリスク要因の重荷を背負っています.
- これらの特定されたリスクをターゲットにすることで,著しく過小評価された公衆衛生上の利益が得られます.
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