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Updated: May 3, 2026

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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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高齢者における嗅覚障害の有病率
Claire Murphy1, Carla R Schubert, Karen J Cruickshanks
1San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Joint Doctoral Program, 6363 Alvarado Ct, Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. cmurphy@sciences.sdsu.edu
JAMA
|November 13, 2002
まとめ
嗅覚障害は高齢者によくあり,24%以上に影響し,年齢とともに増加しています. 自己報告の嗅覚喪失は信頼できないため,高齢者ケアにおける臨床的意識の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感覚科学とは,感覚科学である.
背景:
- 高齢者は,米国で最も急速に成長している人口集団です.
- 視力および聴覚障害は,この集団でよく研究されています.
- 高齢者における嗅覚障害の流行は,栄養と安全性にとって重要であるにもかかわらず,ほとんど評価されていないままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 高齢者における嗅覚障害の有病率を決定する.
- 年齢と嗅覚障害の関係を調査する.
- 客観的な嗅覚検査と自己報告された嗅覚欠陥を比較する.
主な方法:
- ビーバーダム,ウィスコンシン州で,53歳から97歳までの2491人の住民を対象とした人口ベースの横断研究です.
- 嗅覚障害は,サンディエゴの嗅覚識別テストと自己報告アンケートを使用して評価されました.
- 聴覚障害の流行病学研究のための5年間のフォローアップ試験 (1998-2000年) の間にデータを収集しました.
主要な成果:
- 嗅覚障害の総罹患率は24.5%で,年齢とともに著しく増加しています.
- 80歳から97歳までの個人は,嗅覚障害の62.5%の罹患率を示した.
- 嗅覚障害は男性においてより一般的であった (調整された罹患率1.92) で,喫煙,脳卒中,,呼吸器感染症と関連していた. 自己報告の障害 (9.5%) は,客観的な検査と比較して著しく過小評価され,より高齢の年齢層では精度が低い.
結論:
- 嗅覚障害は高齢者の間で非常に一般的であり,年齢とともに悪化します.
- 自己報告された嗅覚欠乏症は信頼性がなく,客観的な発見を大幅に過小評価します.
- 医療従事者や介護者は,栄養と安全に対する潜在的なリスクに対処するために,高齢者の嗅覚障害を積極的にスクリーニングする必要があります.
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