初等医療における慢性疾患の患者の自己管理
Thomas Bodenheimer1, Kate Lorig, Halsted Holman
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. tbodie@earthlink.net
JAMA
|November 19, 2002
まとめ
自己管理教育は,慢性疾患の患者に,健康状態と生活の質を向上させることを可能にします. 問題解決のスキルに焦点を当てたこのアプローチは,従来の患者教育よりも効果的です.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- 患者教育についてです.
- 慢性疾患管理について
背景:
- 慢性疾患を患っている患者は,日々,自分の病気を積極的に自己管理しています.
- 慢性疾患のケアにおいて,患者と医療従事者のパートナーシップモデルが生まれつつある.
- 自己管理教育は,従来の患者教育を補完しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性疾患に対する自己管理教育の効果を評価する.
- 自己管理教育と情報のみの患者教育を比較する.
- 臨床的結果と費用に対する自己管理教育の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- コントロールされた臨床試験からの証拠のレビュー.
- 自己管理のスキルを教えるプログラムの分析.
- 患者によって特定された問題解決戦略の評価.
主要な成果:
- 自己管理教育は,情報のみの教育よりも臨床結果を改善します.
- 自己管理教育は,関節炎や成人喘息などの疾患の費用を削減することができます.
- マルチコンディションの自己管理プログラムは,改善された結果とコスト削減の可能性を示しています.
結論:
- 自己管理教育は,患者の自己効能と問題解決能力を高めます.
- この教育的アプローチは,慢性疾患の生活の質を改善するために不可欠です.
- 自己管理教育は,初等医療の重要な構成要素になりつつあります.
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