医薬品の提供者としての製薬業界

David Henry¹, Joel Lexchin

¹School of Medical Practice and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. mddah@mail.newcastle.edu.au

Lancet (London, England)

|November 22, 2002

まとめ

高い医薬品価格は,世界的にそのアクセスを制限しています. 知的財産権が議論されている一方で,自発的なライセンス提供は,開発途上国における必須医薬品の可用性を改善する可能性がある.

科学分野:

医薬品政策について
グローバル・ヘルス・エクイティ
知的財産権知的財産権とは

背景:

薬の価格上昇は,特に低所得国では,アクセスの障壁を生み出しています.
現在の薬物開発モデルは,開発途上国の健康上の基本的ニーズに十分に対応していない.
製薬業界は,特許保護と高価格を正当化するために,高い開発コストを挙げています.

研究の目的:

医薬品のアクセシビリティに対する知的財産権の影響を検討する.
開発途上国における必須医薬品へのアクセスを改善するための潜在的な解決策を探求すること.

主な方法:

国際知的財産権制度の分析.
世界貿易機関 (WTO) の政策調整の見直し
価格の差異と自発的なライセンスモデルの評価.

主要な成果:

医薬品の革新に高い価格と特許保護の必要性について論争がある.
世界貿易機関 (WTO) は,開発途上国に対する要求を緩和し,価格の差異を促進しました.
国内生産能力のない国に対するこれらの措置の有効性は依然として不確実である.

結論:

ボランティアライセンス契約は,必須医薬品へのアクセスを改善するための潜在的な経路です.
薬物の手頃な価格とアクセシビリティに対処するには,革新的な政策ソリューションが必要です.
グローバルな保健戦略は,開発途上国が医薬品にアクセスする際に直面しているユニークな課題を考慮する必要があります.

キーワード:

保健医療と公衆衛生について

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