言語能力:それは何で,誰が持っているのか,そしてどのように進化したのか?
Marc D Hauser1, Noam Chomsky, W Tecumseh Fitch
1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mdhauser@wjh.harvard.edu
まとめ
言語の能力を理解するには,学際的な研究が必要である. リキュレーションを含む狭義の言語能力 (FLN) は,人間特有であり,非言語的理由で進化したのかもしれない.
科学分野:
- 言語学 言語学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 認知神経科学とは
- アントロポロジー人類学
- 心理学 心理学とは
背景:
- 言語能力は複雑な特性であり,学際的なアプローチが必要である.
- 言語学の現在の研究は,進化生物学,人類学,心理学,神経科学と統合することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 広い意味での言語学部 (FLB) と狭い意味での言語学部 (FLN) の区別を提案する.
- リキュレーションによって特徴づけられるFLNが,言語の唯一人間特有の構成要素であると仮定する.
- FLNの進化的起源は,コミュニケーションの外にあるかもしれないことを示唆する.
主な方法:
- 言語学および関連する科学分野からの発見を統合した概念分析.
- 進化の軌跡と人間の言語のユニークな構成要素を仮説化する.
- 非言語領域における再帰を調査するための比較研究を提案する.
主要な成果:
- 広い意味での言語能力 (FLB) は,感覚・運動,概念・意図的システム,再帰を含む.
- 狭い意味での言語能力 (FLN) は,再帰のみで構成されていると仮定されています.
- FLNは,言語の唯一の人間特有の側面として提案されています.
- 証拠によると,FLNはコミュニケーション以外の目的のために進化したのかもしれない.
結論:
- 言語学部の包括的な理解のために,学際的な協力が不可欠です.
- リキュレーションは,言語 (FLN) を定義する,人間特有の特徴です.
- 非コミュニケーション領域 (例えば,数学的認知,ナビゲーション) の再帰を調査することは,FLNの進化的起源を理解するために極めて重要です.
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