Pd-Pd-Pd部分の結合テトラエネリガンドの光誘発面逆転
Tetsuro Murahashi1, Yutaka Higuchi, Tetsuya Katoh
1Department of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. tetsu@chem.eng-u.ac.jp
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 28, 2002
まとめ
線形サンドイッチ型トリパラジウム複合体の光誘発性イソメリゼーションが観察されました. 可視光は,テトラエネリガンドの相次ぎ (rac) と相次ぎ (meso) の間の切り替えを引き起こし,X線結晶学で確認されました.
科学分野:
- 有機金属化学 有機金属化学
- フォトケミストリー フォトケミストリー
- クリスタルグラフィーです.
背景:
- 線形サンドイッチ型トリパラジウム複合体は,ユニークな構造特性を有しています.
- これらの複合体のテトラエネリガンドは,形状的変化を経験することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 線形サンドイッチ型トリパラジウム複合体の光誘発性イソメリゼーションを調査する.
- 放射線照射時にテトラエネリガンドを含む構造変化を解明する.
主な方法:
- トリパラジウム複合体を可視光 (>510 nm) で照射する.
- X線結晶学分析を用いたイソメアの構造的決定.
主要な成果:
- ラック (段階的なサンドイッチ) からメソ (日食サンドイッチ) 形への光誘発性イソメリゼーションを達成しました.
- ラックとメソイソマーの両方の構造が成功裏に決定されました.
結論:
- 可視光は,線形サンドイッチ型トリパラジウム複合体における面逆転イソメリゼーションを誘発する.
- X線結晶学は,観察されたrac-meso変換の決定的な構造的証拠を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.

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