CO2とO3で濃縮された大気下での森林害虫の行動の変化
Kevin E Percy1, Caroline S Awmack, Richard L Lindroth
1Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5P7, Canada. kpercy@nrcan.gc.ca
Nature
|December 3, 2002
まとめ
温室効果ガスである二酸化炭素 (CO2) とオゾン (O3) は森林生態系に影響を与えます. この研究は,樹木の成長,防御,害虫の活動の増加に対するそれらの組み合わせた効果を明らかにし,地球規模の変化の評価に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 森林生態学 森林生態学 森林生態学
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
背景:
- 人間の活動による大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) とオゾン (O3) の濃度の上昇は,地球上の陸上の生態系に影響を与えています.
- 植生に対するCO2とO3の個々の効果は研究されているが,特に成熟した樹木と高トロフィックレベルでの相互作用効果はほとんど不明である.
- オゾン (O3) は,現在,温帯および亜極地の森林の29%に影響し,2100年までに60%に影響すると予測されており,これらの影響を理解する緊急性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 炭素二酸化物 (CO2) とオゾン (O3) が北米の重要な樹種,ポプルス・トレムロイドス (Populus tremuloides) に及ぼす相互作用効果を調査する.
- これらの温室効果ガスが木の生産性,葉の防御,そしてその後の昆虫と病気の集団への影響をどのように影響するか評価する.
- 成熟した樹木とより高いトロフィックレベルに関する長期的なデータを提供し,世界的な変化の評価を参考にします.
主な方法:
- 単体または組み合わせて,CO2とO3の濃度が異なる状態に暴露されたPopulus tremuloidesに関する実験研究.
- 樹木の生産性,葉の物理的,化学的防御を監視する.
- 植物品質の変化の結果として,昆虫と病気の集団の変化の評価.
主要な成果:
- CO2とO3は,単独でも組み合わせても,Populus tremuloidesの生産性と葉の防御機構に大きな影響を及ぼしました.
- CO2とO3の曝露による植物の質の変化は,昆虫と病気の集団動態の変化につながった.
- 証拠は,CO2とO3が害虫の性能を通して植物成長に間接的に影響するフィードバックループを示唆しています.
結論:
- プラントの性能に対するCO2とO3の相互作用の影響は極めて重要であり,グローバルな変化の評価に含まれなければならない.
- CO2とO3の上昇下で植物質の変化によって引き起こされる害虫の活動の増加は,森林の生態系に重大な影響を及ぼします.
- 将来の森林への地球規模の変化の影響に関する研究やモデルは,これらの複雑な相互作用を考慮する必要があります.
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