ダイナミックな摩擦と三体衝突により,カイパーベルトの二重星が形成される
Peter Goldreich1, Yoram Lithwick, Re'em Sari
1School of Natural Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
Nature
|December 13, 2002
まとめ
カイパーベルトのバイナリは,衝突ではなく重力相互作用によって形成された可能性が高い. 動的摩擦または重力分散によるエネルギー損失は,太陽系の歴史の初期にこれらの広い軌道上のペアを安定させました.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 太陽系形成 太陽系形成について
- 天体物理学 天体物理学
背景:
- 海王星の向こうにあるカイパーベルトには,冥王星やハロンのような氷の体が含まれています.
- カイパーベルトオブジェクト (KBO) のわずかな部分は,広いバイナリーとして観測されています.
- 衝突形成は,これらのバイナリーの観測された周波数を説明することはできません.
研究 の 目的:
- カイパーベルトの広いバイナリの形成メカニズムを調査する.
- 衝突のない重力相互作用が観測された二重星を説明できるかどうかを判断する.
- バイナリ安定化に責任のあるエネルギー消耗機構を特定する.
主な方法:
- ヒル球内の大きな天体間の重力相互作用をシミュレートした.
- 研究されたエネルギー損失メカニズム:小さな体の動的摩擦と第三の体の重力分散.
- これらのメカニズムに基づいてバイナリ形成の頻度を推定した.
主要な成果:
- 暫定バイナリは,2つの大きな天体が互いのヒル球を貫通すると形成されます.
- 小さな天体からの動的摩擦によるエネルギー損失は,軌道安定化のためのわずかに好ましいメカニズムです.
- 3番目の大体の重力散布は,代替的な安定化メカニズムである.
結論:
- カイパーベルトのバイナリ星は,乱暴な蓄積の間に衝突のない重力相互作用によって形成された可能性が高い.
- KBOの5%が,分離距離 > 0.2 弧秒のバイナリーであることを予測しています.
- ほとんどの KBO バイナリがより厳格であるか,より高い多重性のシステムの一部であることを示唆します.
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