大人の皮質における経験依存のシナプス可塑性の長期in vivoイメージング
Joshua T Trachtenberg1, Brian E Chen, Graham W Knott
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
Nature
|December 20, 2002
まとめ
大人の脳皮質で新しいシナプスが形成され,その中には数週間続くものもあれば,数日続くものもあります. 感覚経験によって引き起こされるこのシナプス回転は,神経回路の改造と可塑性の基礎となっています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- シナプスの可塑性
- 皮質の発達 皮質の発達
背景:
- 成人の脳の構造的・機能的適応能力である"可塑性"は,学習と記憶において極めて重要です.
- シナプスの形成と消去 (ニューロン間の接続) は,この可塑性の基礎となる重要なメカニズムです.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人の皮質に新しいシナプスが形成され,経験依存の可塑性をサポートするかどうかを調査する.
- 成人マウスのバレル皮質におけるシナプス形成と除去のダイナミクスを定量化するために.
主な方法:
- マウスバレル皮質の個々のピラミッドニューロンのインビボ画像を数週間にわたって繰り返し撮影した.
- シリアルセクション電子顕微鏡を用いて,脊椎の動態とシナプスの形成/除去を遡って分析する.
- シナプスの周回と,皮質受容領域の経験依存の可塑性との相関関係.
主要な成果:
- dendritic 構造は大きく安定したままであったが,個々の dendritic 脊椎は,重要な脊椎形成と除去とともに,ダイナミックな行動を示した.
- 脊椎の寿命はかなり変化しており,約50%は1ヶ月以上持続し,残りの部分は数日またはそれ以下に続きます.
- 脊髄の芽生えと収縮によって特徴づけられるシナプス周回量の増加が観察され,皮質受容領域における経験依存の可塑性と相関していました.
結論:
- シナプスの形成と除去は,大人の皮質で動的に起こり,静的な成熟神経回路の概念に挑戦します.
- 感覚経験は,シナプスのターンオーバーを積極的に駆動し,適応神経回路の再構築のメカニズムを示唆します.
- これらのダイナミックなシナプス変化は,大人の哺乳類の脳における経験依存の可塑性にとって根本的なものである可能性が高い.
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