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野生の動物や植物に地球温暖化の指紋が残っている
Terry L Root1, Jeff T Price, Kimberly R Hall
1Center for Environmental Science and Policy, Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. troot@stanford.edu
Nature
|January 4, 2003
まとめ
地球温暖化は,世界中の植物と動物集団の測定可能な変化を引き起こしています. この急速な気候変動は生態系を脅かし,潜在的に種の消失や絶滅につながる可能性があります.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 気候変動 生物学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 世界の平均気温は,過去"世紀で約0.6°C上昇した.
- 急速な気候変動は,野生の種や生態系に重大な脅威をもたらしています.
- 種は歴史的に気候の変化に適応してきたが,現在の変化の速度は前例のないものである.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球温暖化が種に与える影響を分析する.
- 温度変化に反応する種の変化の一貫したパターンを特定する.
- 観察された種の変化が生理学的制約とどの程度一致するかを評価する.
主な方法:
- 生物種と地球温暖化に関する143件の研究から得られたデータを用いてメタ分析を行った.
- 軟体動物,哺乳類,草,樹木など,多様な種にわたる温度関連の変化を調べた.
- 比較された観察された種のシフトは,生理学的制約に基づいて予想される方向の変化を伴います.
主要な成果:
- 温度に関連した一貫した変化の"指紋"は,多くの種で検出されました.
- 変化を示す種の80%以上は,生理学的制約と一致する方向に変化しています.
- 証拠は,地球温暖化がすでに動物と植物の人口に影響を与えていることを強く示唆しています.
結論:
- 生物多様性に対する地球温暖化の影響は,すでに種集団において明らかである.
- 急速な気温上昇と生息地の破壊は,生態系のネットワークを混乱させる可能性があります.
- 気候変動に対する異なる種の反応は,コミュニティの再編,絶滅,絶滅につながる可能性があります.
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