家庭の動態が資源消費と生物多様性に及ぼす影響
Jianguo Liu1, Gretchen C Daily, Paul R Ehrlich
1Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu
Nature
|January 24, 2003
まとめ
世界の世帯の成長,特に生物多様性のホットスポットでは,人口増加を上回っています. 小規模な世帯の増加は,生物多様性保全の取り組みに大きな影響を及ぼしています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 保護科学 保護科学 保護科学
背景:
- 人口増加は,生物多様性の損失の認識された要因である.
- 家計のダイナミクスと生物多様性への影響は,人口統計学の研究ではしばしば見過ごされています.
- 家計の規模と数の変化は,一人当たりの消費と資源利用に大きく影響を与えます.
研究 の 目的:
- 家庭のダイナミクスと生物多様性の喪失の関係を調査する.
- 全世界の世帯の成長率と,特に生物多様性のホットスポットにおける人口増加率を比較する.
- 平均世帯規模の変化が将来の世帯数に与える影響を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- 1985年から2000年までの世界人口統計データの分析.
- 家計数増加と人口増加の比較.
- 平均的な世帯の大きさの傾向に基づいて,将来の世帯の成長をモデル化する.
主要な成果:
- 全世界の世帯数は,1985年から2000年の間に人口より急速に増加した.
- 地域によっては人口が減少したにもかかわらず,世帯の数は増加した.
- 家庭の平均規模が減少したため,特に生物多様性のホットスポットでは,家庭の数は大幅に増加しました.
- 平均的な家計の縮小がなければ,2000年には1550万世帯が減少すると推定される.
結論:
- 平均的な世帯のサイズが減少しているため,世帯数が増加しており,生物多様性にとって重大な脅威となっています.
- 都市圏の拡大と,小規模な世帯に関連した人当たりの資源消費の増加は,保全の取り組みに挑戦しています.
- 将来の保全戦略では,総人口動向とともに,世帯の動態も考慮しなければならない.
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