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塩化ダイオキシンの還元性脱ハロゲン化は,無酸素細菌によって行われます

Michael Bunge¹, Lorenz Adrian, Angelika Kraus

¹Institut für Mikrobiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany. m.bunge@mikrobiologie.uni-halle.de

|January 24, 2003

まとめ

微生物による還元性脱塩化は,有毒なダイオキシン (PCDDとPCDF) の有毒解毒方法として有望である. この研究は,これらの有害な環境汚染物質を脱塩化できるDehalococcoides種を特定しています.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
微生物学微生物学とは
毒理学毒理学毒理学

背景:

ポリ塩化ディベンゾ-p-ダイオキシンとディベンゾフラン (PCDD/PCDF) は,非常に有毒で発がん性環境汚染物質である.
微生物による還元性脱塩は,これらの持久性有機汚染物質の重要な解毒メカニズムです.
堆積物におけるダイオキシン脱塩化の原因となる特定の微生物を特定することは,依然として課題です.

研究の目的:

汚染された淡水堆積物中のPCDDとPCDFの還元性脱塩素化を行うことができる微生物を特定する.
既知の脱アル呼吸細菌であるデハロコッコイドス (Dehalococcoides sp. sp.) の能力を実証するためです. 菌株CBDB1で,ダイオキシン同胞を脱塩する.

主な方法:

濃縮培養は,ダイオキシンで汚染された淡水堆積物から確立されました.
Dehalococcoides種の存在は,分子技術を使用して確認されました.
デハロココキデス sp. 株CBDB1は,1,2,3,7,8-ペンタクロロディベンゾ-p-ダイオキシン (PeCDD) を含む特定のダイオキシン共生物質を還元的に脱塩する能力について試験されました.

主要な成果:

デハロコッコイドス (Dehalococcoides) 種は,ダイオキシン脱塩化による4つの独立した濃縮培養で確認されました.
デハロココキデス sp. 株CBDB1は,選択されたPCDD共生体を還元的に脱塩化する能力を示しました.
デハロココイドス sp.によるPeCDDの脱塩化が成功しました. 菌株CBDB1が観察され,環境的に重要なダイオキシンを分解するにおけるその潜在的な役割を示した.

結論:

デハロコッコイド種は,汚染された堆積物からダイオキシンを脱塩する微生物集団に存在します.
デハロココキデス sp. 株CBDB1は,環境的に重要なダイオキシンを還元性脱塩素化することができる.
この発見は,ダイオキシンで汚染された場所のバイオメディケーションのための微生物の脱ハロリスピレーションの可能性を裏付けています.

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