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鳥の飛行における比較力曲線
B W Tobalske1, T L Hedrick, K P Dial
1Department of Biology, University of Portland, 5000 North Willamette Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97203, USA. tobalske@up.edu
Nature
|January 24, 2003
まとめ
鳥の飛行力学を調査するこの研究は,機械力曲線が種によって大きく異なることを明らかにしています. 鳥の飛行出力は,形態学と翼の動きに影響される単純なU形ではありません.
科学分野:
- 比較生理学 比較生理学について
- ロコモーションのバイオメカニクス
- アビアンフライトダイナミクス
背景:
- エアロダイナミック理論は,飛ぶ鳥のメカニカルパワー曲線がU形になると予測しています.
- ブラックビルトマグピー (Pica pica) の以前の経験的試験は,比較的平らなパワー曲線を示しました.
- 飛行力を理解することは,比較生理学と運動生態学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- カカティール (Nymphicus hollandicus) と環状亀の鳩 (Streptopelia risoria) の機械的出力曲線を決定する.
- これらの曲線を既存のデータと空気力学理論と比較する.
- 形態学と運動学が飛行力に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 胸部筋肉の力および長さの変化のインビボ測定を統合.
- 翼とボディの動きデータを用いた準安定気力学モデルの適用.
- 前進速度の関数として,メカニカル出力力の分析.
主要な成果:
- コカティエルのパワーカーブは鋭く凸で,オオカミの平らなカーブとは異なっていた.
- 環状カメ-鳩の動力曲線は中間的であり,質量特異的な出力力が高かった.
- 翼拍の周波数と機械的な出力量は,必ずしも最小値を共有しているわけではありません.
結論:
- 鳥の飛行力曲線の形状と大きさは,種によって異なる.
- 形態学,翼動力学,飛行スタイルは,機械的な出力に大きく影響します.
- U型パワーカーブの予測は,すべての飛ぶ鳥に普遍的に適用されないかもしれません.
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