切断された粒状材料における力ネットワークの対数速度の依存性
1Department of Physics & Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA.
Nature
|February 28, 2003
まとめ
ゆっくり切断された粒状材料は,不可逆的な変形のために切断速度に依存するストレスを示します. この研究は,対数速度の依存性と,粒子の流れの強化のためのゆっくりとした集団的リラックスメカニズムを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 粒状物質の物理学 粒状物質の物理
- 密度の高い粒状の流れのリオロギー
- 秩序のないシステムの統計力学
背景:
- 粒状フローの伝統的なモデルは,しばしばストレスは切断率から独立していると仮定します.
- しかし,固体対固体摩擦や地質学的過程のような現象は,対数関数速度の依存を示している.
- これは,粒状システムにおける速度の影響をより詳しく調査する必要性を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 粒状システムにおける切断率と内部ストレスとの関係を調査する.
- 粒子の張力が速度依存,特に対数依存を示すかどうかを判断する.
- 切断速度の力ネットワークとストレス緩和ダイナミクスへの影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- ゆっくり切断した光弾性ディスクの二次元システムを利用しました.
- 光弾力性を用いて,粒子のスケールでの力を測定した.
- プラスチックの変形と弾性的変形の両方のストレスの時間の平均行動が分析されました.
主要な成果:
- 平均ストレスは,プラスチックの (不可逆的な) 変形に対する切断速度の対数依存を示しています.
- 弾性 (可逆性) 変形は,可視な速度の依存を示さない.
- 切断速度の上昇は,力ネットワークを強化し,ストレス変動を高め,ストレスイベントの分布を変更します.
結論:
- 粒子の張力は,逆戻りできない変形の切断速度に依存し,対数関数的な関係に従っています.
- このシステムは,ストレスネットワークのゆっくりとした集団的リラックスを示し,速度に依存した強化のためのメカニズムを提供します.
- 挙動は,質的に増加密度効果に似ており,ネットワークの再編成の役割を強調しています.
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