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Updated: May 13, 2026

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response
13:04

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

Published on: May 7, 2012

宿主拒絶による共同進化の軍拡競争のエスカレーションは,寄生虫の幼生を拒絶する

Naomi E Langmore1, Sarah Hunt, Rebecca M Kilner

  • 1School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia. naomi.langmore@anu.edu.au

Nature
|March 14, 2003
PubMed
まとめ

宿主鳥は巣を離れ,カクヨウの雛が兄弟を追放し,卵後の防衛進化を示しています. これは,クッキョクグマの巣模倣が,家を追放する子寄生虫に対する宿主の差別に対抗するために進化したことを示唆しています.

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関連する概念動画

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...