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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While the regiochemistry of the reaction governs the location of the double bond in the product, the stereochemical requirements often influence the geometry.
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major...

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.

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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

外球の2電子プラチナ製の試薬剤.

Hershel Jude¹, Jeanette A Krause Bauer, William B Connick

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|March 20, 2003

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は,ユニークなリガンド構造を持つ新しいプラチナ複合体を導入します. この設計により,プラチナ (II) とプラチナ (IV) の状態間の2電子リドックスサイクルが容易に可能になり,協力的な外球電子伝送試料の開発を進めます.

さらに関連する動画

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

科学分野:

無機化学無機化学とは
有機金属化学有機金属化学
電気化学電気化学について

背景:

効率的な電子伝達反応剤の設計は,触媒と材料科学にとって極めて重要です.
プラチナ複合体は,その酸化還元特性のために広く研究されています.
外球電子伝送メカニズムは,特定のリガンド環境を必要とする.

研究の目的:

協力的な外球二電子プラチナ反応剤の設計戦略を実証する.
ユニークなピンチャー型リガンドを持つ新しいプラチナ (((II) 複合体を合成し,特徴づけること.
合成された複合体の電気化学的行動と酸化還元能力を調査する.

主な方法:

新しいプラチナ (((II)) 複合体の合成, [Pt (((tpy) ((pip2NCN) ]][BF4].
複合体のプロトネーションにより[Pt(tpy) ((pip2NCNH2) ][PF6]3.3.を形成する.
1H NMRスペクトロスコピーとX線結晶学を用いた構造的特徴付け.
サイクルボルトメトリーによる電気化学分析.

主要な成果:

小説のプラチナ (II) 複合体[Pt (tpy) (pip2NCN) ][BF4]は,成功裏に準備されました.
プロトネーションにより,安定したプラチナ (((II) 複合体と,明確なリガンド協調モードが生じた.
サイクルボルトメトリーは,2つの可逆の1電子の還元波と,ほぼ可逆の2電子の酸化波を明らかにした.
複合体は,Pt (II) とPt (IV) の酸化状態の間の容易な相互変換を容易にする.

結論:

プラチナ複合体の異常なリガンド構造は,複数の酸化状態を安定させる.
この設計戦略は,協調的な外球の2電子プラチナ反応剤の作成に有効です.
この発見は,新しい電気触媒システムや酸化還元活性物質の開発への道を開く.