低炭水化物ダイエットの効果と安全性:体系的なレビュー
Dena M Bravata1, Lisa Sanders, Jane Huang
1Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305-6019, USA. bravata@healthpolicy.stanford.edu
JAMA
|April 10, 2003
まとめ
低炭水化物ダイエットは,カロリー制限とダイエット期間と比較して,体重減少に明確な利点を示していません. 特定の集団および期間における有効性と安全性を確立するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- 栄養科学 栄養学 栄養科学は,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学が,栄養学は,栄養学が,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は,栄養学は
- ダイエット介入 ダイエット介入
- メタボリック・ヘルス (代謝の健康)
背景:
- 低炭水化物ダイエットは人気がありますが,有効性や安全性に関する堅実な証拠がありません.
- 低炭水化物ダイエットの明確な定義は,文献に欠けています.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人の体重,血清脂質,グルコース,インスリン,血圧に対する低炭水化物ダイエットの影響を評価する.
- 低炭水化物ダイエット介入の結果に関する既存の証拠を統合する.
主な方法:
- 1966年から2003年にかけての英語研究に関する体系的な文献検索.
- 低炭水化物ダイエット (≥4日,≥500 kcal/d) をしている成人患者による研究を含む.
- 3,268人の参加者を対象に94の食事介入を記述した107件の論文から抽象化されたデータ.
主要な成果:
- 研究は,設計,炭水化物含有量,カロリー摂取量,期間において非常に異質でした.
- 肥満患者の体重減少は,ダイエット期間とカロリー摂取量の減少と相関しており,炭水化物の制限ではありません.
- 低炭水化物ダイエットは,血清脂質,グルコース,インスリン,血圧に重大な悪影響を及ぼさなかった.
結論:
- 低炭水化物ダイエット,特に50歳以上の個人に,90日を超えるダイエット,または非常に低い炭水化物摂取量 (≤20g/d) を推奨するための十分な証拠はありません.
- 研究で観察された体重減少は,主に炭水化物の削減ではなく,カロリー摂取量の減少とダイエット期間の延長に関連していました.
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