プラズモジアム・ファルシパラムの初期の起源と最近の拡大
Deirdre A Joy1, Xiaorong Feng, Jianbing Mu
1Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA. djoy@niaid.nih.gov
まとめ
遺伝子分析によると,約1万年前,アフリカでマラリア寄生虫の集団が急増し,その後,世界中に広がった. 以前の移住は5万~10万年前に起こったのかもしれない.
科学分野:
- * 進化的遺伝学について
- * 寄生虫学について
- * ヒトの移住に関する研究
背景:
- *最近の仮説は,毒性の高いプラズモディウム・ファルシパラムが,過去6000年以内にアフリカで出現したことを示唆しています.
- *この出現は,人間の行動の変化と蚊の伝播ダイナミクスに関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- * プラズモディアム・ファルシパラムの進化史と集団動態を調査する.
- * マラリア寄生虫の発生と拡散に関する仮説を裏付けるまたは反証する遺伝的証拠を提供すること.
主な方法:
- * プラズモジアム・ファルシパラムの世界100のミトコンドリアDNA配列における遺伝的多様性の分析.
- * 人口遺伝分析と集団遺伝モデリングにより,人口統計の歴史を推測する.
主要な成果:
- *遺伝的証拠は,約1万年前,アフリカのマラリア寄生虫集団の有意な増加を示しています.
- *この人口増加に続いて,世界の他の地域への移住が続いた.
- * 分析はまた,より古いグローバルと地域のプラズモジア・ファルシパラムの集団 (50,000-100,000年前の) を示唆しています.
結論:
- *この発見は,約1万年前にアフリカでプラズモディアム・ファルシパラムが大きく広がったことを裏付けている.
- *この出来事が,マラリアの寄生虫を世界の他の地域にも広めた可能性が高い.
- * アフリカからの早期の,おそらくプレイストセーン時代の移住は,より古い寄生虫の系統によって示唆されています.
関連する概念動画
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Diversity of Protists II
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...


