生物多様性の統一中立理論のテスト
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. mail@brianmcgill.org
Nature
|April 15, 2003
まとめ
中立ドリフト理論は,ゼロサム多項分布 (ZSM) を用いて生物多様性のパターンを予測する. しかし,この研究では,ZSM分布がより単純なモデルよりも種の豊富さのデータをよりよく説明する証拠は見つかりませんでした.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- コミュニティエコロジー コミュニティエコロジー
- 生物多様性 科学 科学 生物多様性
背景:
- 生態学の根本的な問題は,生物多様性の主要な原動力である.
- 最近のニュートラル・ドリフト理論は,種の豊富さは主にランダムなニュートラル・ドリフトによって制御され,ニッチベースのメカニズムの役割を軽視すると仮定しています.
- この理論は,特定の種の豊富分布 (ゼロサム多項式) を予測し,厳格な経験的テストを必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- ニュートラル・ドリフト理論によって予測されるゼロサム多項分布 (ZSM) が,代替モデルよりもエココミュニティデータに適しているかどうかを実証的にテストする.
- ZSM分布が,種数が多いパターンを説明する際に確立されたゼロモデルを大幅に上回るかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- この研究では,いくつかの経験的生態学的データセットを分析して,種の豊富な分布を評価しました.
- 一般的なゼロ仮説モデルであるログノーマル分布に対して,ZSM分布の適合性を評価するために,統計的比較が行われました.
- ZSM分布がlognormal分布と比較して優れたフィットを提供する頻度は定量化されました.
主要な成果:
- ゼロサム多項分布 (ZSM) は,テストされたデータセットの95%でログノーマル分布と比較して,経験的な種の豊富性データに有意に適していない.
- ほとんどの場合,ZSM分布はログノーマル分布を上回ることが出来ず,優れた予測能力の欠如を示しています.
- 結果は,ZSM分布は,観察された種の豊富さについて,より控えめで正確な説明を提供していないことを示唆しています.
結論:
- ゼロサム多項分布 (ZSM) を,生態学的なコミュニティにおける種の豊富性のパターンの優れたモデルとして支持する強力な経験的証拠は現在存在しない.
- この発見は,種の豊富さの分布に関する中性漂流理論の中心的な予測に異議を唱えている.
- ログノーマル分布のような代替モデルは,より控えめであり,生物多様性のパターンを説明するための経験的データによって同等またはよりよくサポートされています.
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