大型のHg-Hgスピン-スピン結合定数の理論的研究Hg(2)(2+),Hg(3)(2+),およびHg(2)(2+) -クラウンエーテル複合体におけるスピン-スピン結合定数
Jochen Autschbach1, Ciprian D Igna, Tom Ziegler
1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N-1N4.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 17, 2003
まとめ
核磁気共振 (NMR) 実験では,水銀イオン (Hg2(2+) とHg3(2+)) の大きなスピン-スピン結合定数を示しています. 計算による研究は,環境要因がこれらの観測されたHg-Hg結合定数を理論上の最大値から大幅に減らすことを示しています.
科学分野:
- 無機化学 無機化学とは
- コンピューティング・ケミストリー
- 核磁共振スペクトロスコピー 核磁共振スペクトロスコピー
背景:
- 核スピン-スピン結合定数,特に (1) J (((Hg-Hg),水銀イオン (Hg2 (((2+) とHg3 (((2+)) の核スピン-スピン結合定数は,NMRで観測された最大の定数の一つです.
- これらの結合定数,特にHg2 ((2+)) の以前の推定は,Hückel理論のような理論的アプローチによって制限されていました.
研究 の 目的:
- コンプレックスやソルバットイオンを含むHg2(2+) およびHg3(2+) システムにおける核スピン-スピン結合定数を計算的に調査する.
- 計算結果を実験データと比較し,Hg-Hg結合定数に影響を与える要因を理解する.
主な方法:
- 密度関数理論 (DFT) は,重核のスピン-スピン結合定数を計算するための新しく開発されたプログラムを使用して採用されました.
- 裸のHg2 (((2+) とHg3 (((2+) イオン,その複合体とクローンエーテル,対エーテルとソルバットイオンについて計算研究が行われました.
- 分子軌道 (MO) の引数は,結合定数の観測傾向を説明するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- Hg-Hg結合定数に関する計算結果は,実験値と良好な一致を示しています.
- 裸のHg2 (((2+) とHg3 (((2+) イオンには,実験的に観測されたものよりも著しく大きな潜在結合定数があり,Hg2 (((2+) の推定上限は~0.9MHzである.
- 複合化と溶解は,自由イオンと比較して,実験的に観測されたHg-Hg結合定数を劇的に減少させます.
結論:
- 環境 (溶媒分子と対陽子) は,Hg-Hgスピン-スピン結合定数の大きさを減らす上で重要な役割を果たします.
- DFT計算は,Hg-Hg結合定数の正確な予測を提供し,これらの相互作用を制御する電子的要因の洞察を提供します.
- この研究は,重金属イオンのNMR特性に対する複合と溶解の有意な影響を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Valence Bond Theory
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Valence Bond Theory
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.


