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重症患者における情報に基づく同意のプロセスを改善する
Nicole Davis1, Anne Pohlman, Brian Gehlbach
1Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Office of Risk Management, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
JAMA
|April 17, 2003
まとめ
ICUで普遍的な同意フォームを導入することで,侵襲的な処置に対する情報に基づいた同意の取得が著しく改善されました. この介入は,リスクと徴候に関する患者または代理人の理解に悪影響を及ぼさず,同意率を高めました.
科学分野:
- クリティカルケア・メディシン
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
背景:
- 侵襲的処置は,集中治療室 (ICU) で緊急に実施されることが多い.
- これらの処置に対する情報に基づいた同意は,患者の反応不良や代理人の不可用性のためにしばしば困難です.
- 情報に基づいた同意を得るための集中治療師の効果については,さらなる調査が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- ICUの環境内での侵襲的な処置に対する情報に基づいた同意のプロセスを特徴づける.
- インフォームド・コンセント取得の強化に対する単純な介入の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 大学病院のICUに2期間にわたって入院した270人の患者を対象とした前向きな研究 (ベースラインと介入).
- 8つの一般的な侵襲的処置のための病院が承認した普遍的な同意書を使用した介入,情報ハンドアウトで補完された.
- 収集されたデータには,インフォームド・コンセントの発生率,コンセントの源 (患者対代理人),およびコンセントの手続きの理解が含まれています.
主要な成果:
- 侵襲的処置に対する情報に基づいた同意の発生率は,ベースラインの53%から介入期間中に90%に増加した (P<.001).
- 代理人は両方の期間に同意の過半数 (71.6%ベースライン, 65.6%介入) を提供し,グループ間の有意な差異はありませんでした (P = .23).
- 同意した者による手順の指示とリスクの理解は高いままであり,介入の影響を受けなかった (P=.75).
結論:
- 患者,代理人,医療従事者に提供される普遍的な同意書は,ICUの手続きに対する情報に基づいた同意を得る割合を大幅に改善します.
- この介入は,同意者の手続きの兆候とリスクの理解を損なうことなく,同意の獲得を効果的に増加させます.
- この結果は,集中治療施設における標準化された同意プロセスの実施を支えるものである.
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