ベトナムにおけるエージェント・オレンジやその他の除草剤の使用範囲とパターン
Jeanne Mager Stellman1, Steven D Stellman, Richard Christian
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 600 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA. jms13@columbia.edu
Nature
|April 18, 2003
まとめ
この研究は,ベトナム戦争中に除草剤を噴射した推定値を改訂し,ダイオキシンによる汚染が著しく高まり,何百万人ものベトナム市民が直接被曝していたことを明らかにした. 新しいデータは,ダイオキシンの推定値を倍増し,軍事的除草剤の標的を詳細に示しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 軍事史 軍事史 軍事史 軍事史
背景:
- 米国軍はベトナム戦争 (1961年−1971年) の間,エージェント・オレンジを含む除草剤を広く使用した.
- 以前の除草剤の分布とダイオキシン汚染の推定値は,不完全なデータに基づいていました.
- 軍事目的での除草剤の適用率は,家庭での雑草対策の適用率をはるかに上回りました.
研究 の 目的:
- ベトナム戦争中に除草剤を噴射した範囲と分布の改訂された見積もりを示します.
- 軍用除草剤の使用によるダイオキシン汚染のより正確な評価を提供するため.
- ベトナム国民がこれらの化学物質に直接曝露していることを明らかにする.
主な方法:
- より完全なデータセットを利用して,歴史的なスプレーの在庫を700万リットル以上に拡張しました.
- 直接的な民間人の被曝を推定するために,集積された村の人口普查データ.
- 噴霧パターンを理解するために,除草剤の適用のための特定の軍事標的を特定しました.
主要な成果:
- 修正されたスプレーの在庫には,ダイオキシンで汚染された除草剤が大幅に多く含まれています.
- 噴射されたダイオキシン総量の推定量は,ほぼ2倍になった.
- ベトナム人の何百万人もの個人が,ハムレットの国勢調査データに基づいて,直接除草剤にさらされていた可能性が高い.
結論:
- 改訂された推定では,ハービシドの使用とダイオキシンによる汚染の規模が,これまで考えられていたよりも大きいことが示されています.
- この調査結果は,ベトナム国民が有害な化学物質に直接,広範に曝されていることを強調しています.
- 軍用除草剤のターゲティングのより明確な理解は,噴霧操作のより一貫したイメージを提供します.
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