光周期制御経路の適応により,米の短時間開花が生じます
Ryosuke Hayama1, Shuji Yokoi, Shojiro Tamaki
1Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.
Nature
|April 18, 2003
まとめ
研究者は,短日の植物である米の開花時間調節を調査した. OsGI遺伝子の過剰発現は,開花が遅くなり,重要な開花遺伝子の発現が変化し,アラビドプシスと比較して保存されているが逆の調節機構を明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
- 植物遺伝学 植物遺伝学
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- 植物繁殖には,花開の光周期制御が不可欠である.
- アラビドプシス・タリアナ (長日生植物) のモデルが存在するが,短日生植物のメカニズムはあまり理解されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 米 (短日植物) の光周期的な開花を調節する分子メカニズムを解明する.
- 米とアラビドプシスの間での開花制御経路を比較する.
主な方法:
- オーバーエクスプレスするOSGI,アラビドプシス・ギガンテア (GI) のオーソログであるトランスジェニックライスを用いた遺伝子解析.
- 短日 (SD) と長日 (LD) の条件下で開花時間を監視する.
- CONSTANS (CO) とFLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) の米オートロゴの遺伝子発現を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 米におけるOsGIの過剰発現は,SDとLDの両方の条件下で花期を遅らせました.
- OsGIの過剰発現は,米のCOオートログの発現を増加させた.
- トランスジェニックライスでは,FTオートログの発現が抑制された.
結論:
- 光周期的な開花に関与する重要な遺伝子 (GI,CO,FT) は,アラビドプシスと米の間で保存されています.
- COとFTの規制関係は,米ではアラビドopsisと比べて逆転しています.
- この逆の規則は,長日の条件下で米の花開を抑制することを説明します.
関連する概念動画
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
17.2K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
17.2K
02:00Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light
22.5K
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
22.5K
02:45Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
36.0K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
36.0K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.2K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.2K
02:19Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
3.4K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
3.4K
01:25Cell Signaling in Plants
4.5K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
4.5K