植物とハミングバードの関係における適応
Ethan J Temeles1, W John Kress
1Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. ejtemeles@amherst.edu
まとめ
ハミングバード・ビルの形と花の形は,餌の好みによって共進化した. カリブ海の紫の喉のカリブハミングバードにおける性二形態化は,ヘリコニアの花の形態進化を駆動する.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 鳥類学 鳥類学とは,鳥類学である.
- 植物学 植物学
背景:
- カリブ海の紫の喉のカリブハミングバード (Eulampis jugularis) の性二形態は,その主要な食物源であるHeliconia caribaeaとHeliconia bihai.の花の二形態と関連しています.
- このハミングバード種は,この2つのヘリコニアの植物種の独占的な受粉者です.
研究 の 目的:
- 蜂鳥のくちばし形状とヘリコニアの花の特徴の間の共適応を調査する.
- 餌の好みが,ハミングバードとその食物植物の両方の性二形態の進化をどのように導いているかを理解する.
主な方法:
- オスとメスのハミングバードにおけるビック形態の比較分析.
- 異なる島々 (セントルシアとドミニカ) のヘリコニア・カリベアとヘリコニア・ビハイの花の形態学と色変異の調査.
- 花の変形とハミングバードの餌の好みに関連して,花蜜の報酬の評価.
主要な成果:
- オスのハミングバードには,H. caribaea.の花と一致する短い,まっすぐなノックがあります.
- 雌のハミングバードには,H. bihai. の花と一致する長い,曲がったノックがあります.
- セントルシア島では,H. bihaiは雄のハミングバードのノックに対応するために第二の色変異を進化させた; ドミニカ島では,H. caribaeaは雌のハミングバードのノックに対応するために第二の色変異を進化させた.
結論:
- 蜂鳥の口口の形状とエネルギー需要に起因する餌の好みは,ヘリコニア種の花の特性の共進化につながった.
- この研究は,受粉者と植物の間の相互選択的圧力が適応的進化的変化を誘発するという仮説を支持する.
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