言語と種の並行して絶滅するリスクと地球規模での分布
1Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. w.sutherland@uea.ac.uk
Nature
|May 16, 2003
まとめ
人間の言語は,鳥や哺乳類よりも高い速度で絶滅の危機に直面しています. 種のリスク基準を適用すると,希少言語はより速く衰退し,言語と野生生物の間で同様の多様性のパターンがあることが明らかになる.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 言語学 言語学とは
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 世界の生物多様性は,高い絶滅率によって脅かされています.
- 人間の言語も絶滅の危機に瀕しているが,異なる基準によって,絶滅の危機に瀕している言語の推定値は大きく異なる.
- 言語の絶滅の危機に関する以前の分類には,標準化された基準が欠けていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 種の絶滅の危険性に関する国際的に合意された基準を人間の言語に適用する.
- 言語の絶滅リスクと鳥や哺乳類の絶滅リスクを比較する.
- 言語の多様性と絶滅リスクに影響を与える要因を調査する.
主な方法:
- 種の絶滅のリスクを分類するための国際的に認められた基準を活用した.
- 言語の多様性や話者の数に関するデータを分析した.
- 言語,鳥,哺乳類の多様性のパターンを地理的要因との関係で比較した.
主要な成果:
- 言語は,標準化された絶滅リスク基準を使用すると,鳥や哺乳類よりも脅威にさらされています.
- 稀な言語は,一般的な言語と比較して衰退する可能性が高い.
- 言語の多様性や鳥/哺乳類の多様性は,面積,緯度,森林面積,最大標高との類似の関係を示しています.
結論:
- 標準化された基準によって,人間の言語に対する脅威は鳥や哺乳類の脅威と同等,あるいはそれ以上であることが明らかになった.
- 種の多様性 (例えば,面積,緯度) に影響する要因は,言語の多様性にも影響する.
- 種とは異なり,高度,人口密度,島性などの要因は,言語の絶滅を強く予測するものではありません.
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