氷河の避難所:ホットスポットですが,遺伝的多様性のメルトポットではありません

Rémy J Petit¹, Itziar Aguinagalde, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu

¹Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biodiversité, Génes et Ecosystémes, F-33612 Cestas, France. petit@pierroton.inra.fr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 7, 2003

まとめ

欧州の樹木と灌木は,氷河の避難地で重要な生物多様性を保ちます. 中間の緯度で遺伝的に多様な個体群が発見され,これは,分離した氷河の避難所からの系統の混合の結果であった.

科学分野:

エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー
進化生物学の進化生物学について
遺伝学遺伝学とは

背景:

氷河期は,種の分布と遺伝的多様性に大きな影響を与えました.
避難地は,温帯の生態系における種内生物多様性の保全に不可欠である.
樹木や灌木の集団遺伝学を理解することは,保全のために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

氷河のリフギアには,種内生物多様性の大きな部分があるという仮説を検証する.
ヨーロッパで広く生息する木や灌木の遺伝子構造を調査する.
氷河の歴史と分散能力に関連して遺伝的多様性のパターンを特定する.

主な方法:

クロロプラストのDNA変異の分析.
ヨーロッパに広く広がる22種の木・灌木から採取したサンプルです.
異なる緯度および生息地における遺伝的差異の比較分析.

主要な成果:

研究されたほとんどの種は,地中海地域,特に種子の分散が限られている地域において,遺伝的に異なる個体群を示した.
最も高い遺伝的多様性は南部のリフギアではなく,中間の緯度で観察されました.
中間の緯度の多様性は,独立した氷河の避難所から生じた異なる系統の混合に起因する.

結論:

氷河の避難所は生物多様性の維持に役立っていますが,パターンは複雑です.
中間の緯度における複数の避難所からの系統の混合は,高い遺伝的多様性の主要な原動力である.
生物多様性の効果的な保全のために,保全戦略は,これらの混合地帯を考慮する必要があります.

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