高山病とは高山病です
Buddha Basnyat1, David R Murdoch
1Nepal International Clinic, Kathmandu, Nepal; Himalayan Rescue Association, Kathmandu, Nepal. rishibas@wlink.com.np <rishibas@wlink.com.np>
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2003
まとめ
AMS,HACE,HAPEを含む高山病には,完全に理解されていない複雑な原因があります. 漸進的な上昇とアセタゾラミドは重要な予防戦略であり,将来の研究はより多くの洞察を約束しています.
科学分野:
- 高地医学は,高地医学である.
- 生理学 生理学とは
- 病理生理学 病理生理学とは
背景:
- 高山病には,急性山病 (AMS),高山脳腫 (HACE),高山肺腫 (HAPE) が含まれる.
- 現在,病理生理学に関する理解は不完全であり,特にAMS/HACEにおける脳腫れ,HAPEにおける肺高血圧に関する理解は不完全である.
- 高山病に対する感受性の遺伝的根拠に関するデータは限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 高山病の病理生理学に関する現在の理解をレビューする.
- 予防戦略と薬理学的介入について議論する.
- 将来の研究分野を強調する.
主な方法:
- 高山病に関する既存の研究の文献レビュー.
- メカニズム,遺伝学,予防に関する現在の知識の統合.
- 知識のギャップと将来の研究方向の特定.
主要な成果:
- 理解の重要な分野には,AMS/HACEにおける脳腫れメカニズムと,HAEにおける肺高血圧が含まれています.
- HAPEには炎症とアルベオラ液のクリアランスが関係しています.
- 漸進的な上昇が主な予防方法であり,アセタゾラミドはAMSの好ましい化学予防です.
結論:
- 高山病の病理生理学と遺伝的根拠を完全に解明するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
- 漸進的な適応は,最も効果的な予防戦略である.
- アセタゾラミドは,AMSの予防のための推奨薬剤であり,他の治療法に関する研究は現在進行中です.
関連する概念動画
01:24Factors Affecting Respiration
Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
01:25Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-II
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
01:30Acute Respiratory Failure-III
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
01:21Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
01:19Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...